Childhood Map

Discover the amazing things 5-year-olds are learning — from climbing and jumping to friendships, feelings, and first words on a page. Each skill comes with fun activities you can try together.

Executive Functions

Higher-order cognitive processes that enable goal-directed behavior, self-regulation, and adaptive responses — the strongest predictor of school readiness.

Sources (7)
  • Diamond (2013) Executive Functions research
  • Miyake & Friedman (2012)
  • Zelazo (2015)
  • Tools of the Mind Curriculum
  • Head Start ELOF (Approaches to Learning / Cognitive Self-Regulation)
  • NAEYC
  • Polish IBE Research (Funkcje Wykonawcze)
7 Subdomains
Inhibitory Control Working Memory Cognitive Flexibility Planning & Organization Emotional Regulation (Hot Executive Function)9 Self-Monitoring & Metacognition Initiation & Task Engagement
Emotional Regulation (Hot Executive Function)

Managing emotional responses to achieve goals, including delaying gratification and coping with frustration.

Examples & Achievements

  • Waits for a larger reward instead of taking a smaller immediate one
  • Uses words to express frustration instead of hitting or crying
  • Calms down after a disappointment with minimal adult help
  • Persists with a challenging task instead of giving up immediately

How to Measure

  • Gift delay task (can wait 60 seconds before opening a wrapped gift)
  • Less-is-more task (point to smaller set to receive larger set)
  • Teacher/parent rating of emotional regulation (e.g., ERC - Emotion Regulation Checklist)
  • Observation of recovery time after frustration
Sources (3)
  • Zelazo (2015)
  • CASEL
  • Head Start ELOF
9 Exercises
Balloon Belly Breathing with a Stuffed Animal Mood Meter Check-In Wait-for-the-Surprise Cozy Corner with a Calm-Down Kit Turtle Technique Yoga Animal Poses The Persistence Tower Friendly Game Night Glitter Calm-Down Jar
Yoga Animal Poses

A short (5–10 minute) movement practice linking simple yoga postures to animals — cat, cow, butterfly, lion, downward dog, cobra, tree — combining body awareness, large-muscle input, and slow breathing into one regulation routine.

  1. Set the scene. 5–10 minutes, same time daily; the best windows are after-school transition and pre-bedtime wind-down. Clear floor space, optional mat or towel. No shoes.
  2. Open with a breath cue. “Smell the flower, blow out the candle” — three rounds. Or bunny breath: three quick sniffs in, one long sigh out.
  3. Run a 4–6 pose animal sequence, about 30 seconds each, with the sound or feeling of the animal: Cat / Cow (“meow / moo”) — hands and knees, alternate rounding and arching the back; Downward Dog — hands and feet on the floor, hips lifted; Cobra / Snake (“ssss”) — lying on belly, push chest up; Butterfly — sitting, soles of feet together, knees flap; Lion — kneel, big inhale, exhale with tongue out and a roar (releases jaw tension); Tree — stand on one foot, the other foot on the calf (never on the side of the knee), arms as branches.
  4. Close with stillness. “Sleeping bug” or “starfish”: lie on the back, 60 seconds, eyes soft. Narrate one body part at a time (“soft toes, soft tummy, soft face”).
  5. Brief body check-in. “How does your body feel? Bigger, smaller, lighter, calmer?” This is the regulation skill being trained — not the poses themselves.
  6. Bridge to in-the-moment use once or twice a week. “When you feel mad later, you can do one lion roar or three cobra breaths.”

Variation: wrap the sequence in a story arc (“a day at the zoo,” “the rainforest at night”). Let the child pick the animals. Add partner poses — mirror downward dog with the parent forming a “double dog.” Cosmic Kids Yoga YouTube episodes (~10 min) can substitute on low-energy days.

Requirements

  • Space: Clear floor space, at least 1.5 m × 1.5 m per person
  • Surface: Carpet, mat, or towel on a hard floor
  • Materials: Optional yoga mat or beach towel; optional printed pose cards or a Cosmic Kids YouTube video
  • Participants: 1 adult + 1 child works well; sibling and parent group sessions are fun
  • Supervision: Light — adult does the sequence alongside; modelling is more effective than instruction

Rationale & Objective

Short, child-friendly yoga combines interoception (noticing body sensations), proprioceptive regulation (large-muscle weight-bearing input that organises the nervous system), and diaphragmatic breathing — all of which downshift sympathetic arousal. Animal framing turns abstract postures into pretend play, the strongest engagement vehicle at age 5. The evidence base is moderate: Razza, Bergen-Cico & Raymond (2015) ran a year-long quasi-experimental preschool yoga study and saw gains in attention, delay of gratification, and inhibitory control — with the largest gains in the children most at risk. Rashedi et al. (2021) ran an 8-week, 5×/week intervention with 154 ages-4–6 and found significant gains on the HTKS self-regulation task. Sun et al.’s 2021 systematic review of 16 preschool yoga / mindfulness studies found 13 of 16 reported benefits — but interventions shorter than 6 weeks showed null results. The honest takeaway: yoga works for self-regulation, but it needs ~6+ weeks of consistent practice, and the popular branded curricula (Cosmic Kids, Yoga 4 Classrooms) have not themselves been RCT-validated.

Progress Indicators

  • Early: mimics poses inconsistently; falls out of tree pose immediately; can’t hold any pose more than 5 seconds; treats it like running around
  • Developing: knows 3–4 pose names; holds poses for 10–15 seconds; participates in breathing but with giggles rather than focus
  • Proficient: performs 4–6 poses in sequence with minimal prompting; holds tree pose for 10+ seconds; can name how the body feels after (“calm,” “stretchy,” “tired”)
  • Advanced: self-initiates yoga or a single pose (often lion or cobra) when frustrated; suggests poses to family members; can lead a short sequence for a sibling or parent

Safety Notes

  • No spinal load-bearing inversions (headstand, shoulder stand) for under-7s — the pediatric cervical spine is still developing
  • Skip deep backbends (full wheel / upward bow); a low cobra is fine
  • Watch hyperflexibility — many 5-year-olds are joint-loose and can over-extend in butterfly or splits; don’t push range of motion
  • Empty stomach is gentler — wait about 30 minutes after meals to avoid reflux in inversions like downward dog
  • Check with a pediatrician for any child with a seizure history (rapid breathing exercises), uncontrolled asthma, or significant joint hypermobility / Ehlers-Danlos
  • Don’t force participation — coercion negates the regulation benefit

Hints

  • Playfulness: wrap the sequence in a story arc — “the animals wake up at the zoo,” “the safari,” “the rainforest at night.” Add silly animal sounds. Some children love being the “yoga teacher” who calls the poses
  • Sustain interest: rotate the animal cast across weeks (zoo → safari → ocean creatures → backyard animals). Add Cosmic Kids episodes (Frozen yoga, Star Wars yoga) on tired days. Pose cards laid in a circle to draw from at random keep the routine surprising
  • Common mistake: treating it as exercise correctness (“Your dog is wrong”) — kills the practice instantly. Skipping the closing stillness, which is where most of the regulation effect actually lives. Only doing yoga when the child is already dysregulated — like all the other tools, the rehearsal-when-calm builds the skill
  • Limited space: a single 1 m square is enough for the whole sequence; couch cushions cleared aside works fine. Pose cards travel in a pocket
  • Cross-domain: name body parts as you move (anatomy + vocabulary); count the seconds in tree pose (numeracy); name the animal habitats (knowledge of world); use poses as a transition between activities (executive function)
  • Progression: named imitation only → hold for 5 then 10 seconds → 4-pose sequence → add breath-pose coordination (inhale up, exhale down) → flow between poses → link to emotion regulation (“which pose is for when you feel ___?”) → child leads a short sequence

Sources

  • Razza, R. A., Bergen-Cico, D. & Raymond, K. (2015). "Enhancing preschoolers' self-regulation via mindful yoga." Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 372–385
  • Rashedi, R. N., Rowe, S. E., Thompson, R. A., Solari, E. J. & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2021). "A yoga intervention for young children: self-regulation and emotion regulation." Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(8), 2028–2041
  • Sun, Y., Lamoreau, R., O'Connell, S., Horlick, R. & Bazzano, A. N. (2021). "Yoga and mindfulness interventions for preschool-aged children in educational settings: a systematic review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6091
  • Bazzano, A. N., Anderson, C. E., Hylton, C. & Gustat, J. (2018). "Effect of mindfulness and yoga on quality of life for elementary school students and teachers." Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 81–89
  • Khalsa, S. B. S. & Butzer, B. (2016). "Yoga in school settings: a research review." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1373(1), 45–55 (evidence is "promising but preliminary")
  • Cohen Harper, J. (2013). Little Flower Yoga for Kids: A Yoga and Mindfulness Program to Help Your Child Improve Attention and Emotional Balance. New Harbinger
  • Schonert-Reichl, K. A. & Lawlor, M. S. (2010). "The effects of a mindfulness-based education program on pre- and early adolescents' well-being and social and emotional competence." Mindfulness, 1(3), 137–151 (MindUP)
  • American Academy of Pediatrics — recommendations on daily physical activity and self-regulation routines
  • Head Start ELOF — Social and Emotional Development (Emotional Functioning); Perceptual, Motor, and Physical Development
  • CASEL — Self-Management competency (stress management)

A short (5–10 minute) movement practice linking simple yoga postures to animals — cat, cow, butterfly, lion, downward dog, cobra, tree — combining body awareness, large-muscle input, and slow breathing into one regulation routine.

  1. Set the scene. 5–10 minutes, same time daily; the best windows are after-school transition and pre-bedtime wind-down. Clear floor space, optional mat or towel. No shoes.
  2. Open with a breath cue. “Smell the flower, blow out the candle” — three rounds. Or bunny breath: three quick sniffs in, one long sigh out.
  3. Run a 4–6 pose animal sequence, about 30 seconds each, with the sound or feeling of the animal: Cat / Cow (“meow / moo”) — hands and knees, alternate rounding and arching the back; Downward Dog — hands and feet on the floor, hips lifted; Cobra / Snake (“ssss”) — lying on belly, push chest up; Butterfly — sitting, soles of feet together, knees flap; Lion — kneel, big inhale, exhale with tongue out and a roar (releases jaw tension); Tree — stand on one foot, the other foot on the calf (never on the side of the knee), arms as branches.
  4. Close with stillness. “Sleeping bug” or “starfish”: lie on the back, 60 seconds, eyes soft. Narrate one body part at a time (“soft toes, soft tummy, soft face”).
  5. Brief body check-in. “How does your body feel? Bigger, smaller, lighter, calmer?” This is the regulation skill being trained — not the poses themselves.
  6. Bridge to in-the-moment use once or twice a week. “When you feel mad later, you can do one lion roar or three cobra breaths.”

Variation: wrap the sequence in a story arc (“a day at the zoo,” “the rainforest at night”). Let the child pick the animals. Add partner poses — mirror downward dog with the parent forming a “double dog.” Cosmic Kids Yoga YouTube episodes (~10 min) can substitute on low-energy days.

Short, child-friendly yoga combines interoception (noticing body sensations), proprioceptive regulation (large-muscle weight-bearing input that organises the nervous system), and diaphragmatic breathing — all of which downshift sympathetic arousal. Animal framing turns abstract postures into pretend play, the strongest engagement vehicle at age 5. The evidence base is moderate: Razza, Bergen-Cico & Raymond (2015) ran a year-long quasi-experimental preschool yoga study and saw gains in attention, delay of gratification, and inhibitory control — with the largest gains in the children most at risk. Rashedi et al. (2021) ran an 8-week, 5×/week intervention with 154 ages-4–6 and found significant gains on the HTKS self-regulation task. Sun et al.’s 2021 systematic review of 16 preschool yoga / mindfulness studies found 13 of 16 reported benefits — but interventions shorter than 6 weeks showed null results. The honest takeaway: yoga works for self-regulation, but it needs ~6+ weeks of consistent practice, and the popular branded curricula (Cosmic Kids, Yoga 4 Classrooms) have not themselves been RCT-validated.